Nelson J Hawley Battalion Surgeon's Diary -May 10, 1918 - November 16, 1918
Transcript
To my father Thomas Swearinges Hawley late Surgeon 11th [Missouri] Infy. Vol.
Transcript
A Battalion Surgeon
Transcript
[page 1] Bat. Sur. Diary Chapter I. Going Over May 10.-1918
Transcript
[page 2] Bat. Sur. Diary
Transcript
[page 3] Bat. Sur. Diary May 17. Oh, you bouncing billows and mountain waves! Christopher Columbus was one of the bravest sports in history. They clamped on the fence apparatus, divided into gardens on table to keep the food from mixing up before you ate it. Occasionally the soup and coffee jumped the fence and ran away without leave. Every time a dish would crash on the floor, somebody would laugh as they always do when it belongs to some one else. Fancy silverware slid down a sideboard six feet and back before a waiter headed them off. Boiled cabbage for dinner. The dining room is a fairy palace but you cannot look around much because it makes you feel queer. Am getting fat, but go to bed tired out every night from running about inspecting and looking after six doctors. Lt. Fife went around white in the gills, laughingly announced he was going to be sick, and then went below to meditate. The surgeon altho appalled by the angle of the decks, which approached forty-five degrees, ate everything in sight, including mince pie, and kept happy. There is a pup aboard which he does not approve of and which is against orders; but he has not complained yet. Queen Wilhelmina looks down upon those present in a motherly way and watches over them at night. A colored waiter, all in white, and bearing a coffee pot, cam jauntily down the aisle. The
Transcript
[page 4] Bat. Su. Diary Omar.-
Transcript
[page 5] Bat. Sur. Diary story, doc.
Transcript
[page 6] Bat. Sur Diary good one. A case of mumps springs up after the very few who were sick had been transferred and now comes more work. Capts. Morris and George as a joke said,
Transcript
[page 7] Bat. Sur. Diary with Capt. M., passing an old convent and seeing many strange costumes. The battalion moves over to another better camp. Many went bathing and washing clothes in an old pond until it was pronounced unfit. Dinner at the restaurant again and all tried their hands at the language on the little waitress. And such language! She finally gave out the news she was engaged to a soldier boy. All out for a long hike on dusty roads thru country and town. Saw women washing clothes in large concrete basins beside road and every one including the children wear wooden shoes. Heaps of fagots piled up at every home. Later, marching to station, passed a beautiful chateau. Some ladies called in broken English:
Transcript
[page 8] Bat. Sur. Diary nough for a circus) is a deep bombproof (?) shelter. May 31 Capt. G. pointed out a private who, he said, brought his week
Transcript
[page 9] Bat. Sur. Diary Invited into a British officers
Transcript
[page 10] Bat. Sur. Diary chateau, which makes one think of the revolution, with Lt. Fife for a bath in a little river and found it cold as ice. Have a British water cart which pumps up, filters and sterilizes one hundred gallons. Found a large white rose in vase on table. Eat a few doors away with the staff officers and can look right across to the pretty cemetery. Wandered over and read of a Count and Countess and some pretentious stones inscribed
Transcript
[page 11] Batu. Sru. Diary Lt. Rasmussin was billeted with an old lady who called him,
Transcript
[page 12] Bat. Sur. Diary All day in a dreary compartment. Passed three long hospital trains and waved to them. One figure swathed in bandages raised up and waved back. The train whirled thru Paris and received most cordial greetings. Arrived in ----* near midnight, under trees dark as ink. After preparing to sleep in the wet grass; was taken by Lt. H. to a perfectly fine billet, pictures, tapestry and inlaid floors. June 13 Awoke and straight across, observed a secret door from moulding to floor and two feet wide. From window to wall outside was greater than inside-enough for a staircase. Remembered Bluebeard and never tried to open the door. It was just a little scary to be put all alone in a strange house, in a strange land, at midnight and in war time. In the rear was a wonderful vegetable garden and no one working it, a concrete chicken house and one for a dog. In front was the inevitable rose garden-a dream of delight. Was given a huge key to the front gate by Madame and told to lock it always and then drop the key in a little box. Many beautiful buildings of stone and a large hospital. Also some picturesque ruins and shattered bridges, showing the enemy had been here one time. Went swimming in the River Marne and it was delicious!
Transcript
[page 13] Bat. Sur. Diary even after thoroughly studying the map. On and on and on. For a long time no one spoke. Then comes a voice from out the detachment,
Transcript
[page 14] Bat. Sur. DiaryJune 18 Being unable to get a Red Cross flag as far in spite of all endeavor; ordered the boys to cut one out of flannel and sew it on a towel. Done. Hearing of a bunch of tanks up the road went to investigate and found a whole nest full. An officer called someone who said he had served in the American Navy and he explained everything in a most interesting way. Six go out on trips-one a surgeon. June 19. Noticed many front doors here had a round three inch hold near the bottom and wondered over it until one night, happened to see a cat going home. Rain. Had litter drill in and out of wire entanglements. Dentist Rasmussin did some work. Said teeth were in good shape. Found a patch of strawberries and they had a wine flavor. Playing with Capt. Morris and swung around with the steel hat, striking the wrist watch and of course it broke. Put one of the boys under arrest for talking in line and told them it was shocking they had not learned to obey e
Transcript
[page 15] Bat. Sur. Diary make a talk. Planes flying all the time. One enemy down close by lately. Gave two hours bandaging and first aid. You sometimes get tired of the repetition but when you recall whom you are working for, it
Transcript
[page 16] Bat. Sur. Diary July 2. Lt. Matson M.R.C. wanted to trade horses but discovered his steed couldn
Transcript
[page 17] Bat. Sur. Diary not considering himself an authority, nevertheless he did not hesitate.
Transcript
[page 18] Bat. Sur. Diary ago but the few who ventured to wear them before the order came, received a beautiful bawling out. Always
Transcript
[page 19] Bat. Su. Diary and rain and while talking to an officer about quarters, the battalion disappeared--in caves. Was taken by Lt. Davidson to the chateau and after refreshments, found a good bed. One wing of the building like nearly every one in town was shattered. Never saw such a lot of ruins. A few French officers here were very kind indeed, sharing everything. Many fine old paintings and beautiful heavy silk curtains adorned the house. Was much interested in the canopied beds and a pair of exquisite andirons. But the plumbing was very queer and antiquated. Started across the open space in front and was called back and told the enemy could see most every moving thing. Visited a cave holding four hundred fifty men, and all sots of articles taken from houses:-Mattresses, chairs, lamps, candlesticks, tables, grandfather clocks and a few brass beds. It looked like a den of more than forty thieves. Went thru many of the houses and it was sad indeed to see the family effects scattered about in ruin, just like a cyclone had visited the place. July 17 Lt. Fred
Transcript
[page 20] Bat. Sur. Diarydusty and dirty in cave and the medical detachment went right to sleep. The surgeon had no more than settled nicely however than he was called to headquarters in another dugout and told:
Transcript
[page 21] Bat. Sur. Diary some pretty flowers and was fired at twice by snipers the bullets going
Transcript
[page 22] Bat. Sur. Diary impossible to swear properly with a gas mask on. Some French soldiers waiting at the cross roads, also with faces covered, detected an aero combat high up and everyone yelled with delight at seeing an enemy fall. Going on, an immense shell broke fifty yards from detachment. Came to a camion deeply mired in the road, on one side nothing and on the other, a high bank. All thought the cart could go thru but it jammed tightly and the boys and to take turns behind the horse
Transcript
[page 23] Bat. Sur. Diary lemons, cantaloupes, a duck and a bottle of wine and it sure did give their eyes a shine. Made a chair hastily of boards but it collapsed at a critical moment. This seemed very amusing to some others who had found some beautifully upholstered chairs in dugouts nearby. In next field are several of the largest sized tanks, elaborately decorated and full of jagged holes. Down toward the town where the horses go for water, are rows upon rows of captured cannon. July 25. Ordered out at 3 A.M. and it was some sport packing in the dark. Tied up a letter ready to mail in the roll. Arriving at ---* had to put cart next to an ammunition train in the only space available under trees. Went with the C.O. into the grounds surrounding a chateau to visit front line companies and while looking over some maps with him, shells began breaking here and there. One coming extra close, he looked up and said,
Transcript
[page 24] Bat. Sur. Diary --he said-- but he loves riding so he stayed away four times longer than was necessary. Found a spur with a small rowel- just the very thing needed. Have learned how to let horse graze, tied to one of many heavy branches about here. It must be large as he can drag a house.
Transcript
[page 25] Bat. Sur. Diary. July 29. Marched thru a terrible wood. Halted in one place and the band men, unable to stand the odors, left their position and moved on down the road. It was absolutely the limit. Out looking for water for the battalion and ran into a French officer, who took such trouble to show the location of the spring, gave him a card and he whipped out one, all soiled and presented it, bowing low. It read,
Transcript
[page 26] Bat. Sur. Diary. Moved the aid station up to the edge of wood where the kitches now were and rode several miles to ----* with the carts, looking for a shorter route to the water. There is a big well near a farmhouse a short distance away; but a colonel of artillery is ensconced therein and won
Transcript
[page 27] Bat. Sur Diary. and it rained. Found a row of large sheds lately used by the enemy as a hospital and many of their graves beside it. Struck another road, and going on, came to some French, who seemed quite surprised and suspicious. One asked,
Transcript
[page 28] Bat. Sur. Diary. [August] 3 While waiting to march along the road, shrapnel began coming over and burst now on this side, now on the other. The wait seemed interminable and all you could do was sit or crouch on edge of road. Major M**** came long and borrowed the horse, asking if he could run fast. Told him,
Transcript
[page 29] Bat. Sur. Diary. things up. No breakfast but couldn
Transcript
[page 30] Bat. Sur. Diary a tree less than one hundred yards away. Three boys scouted across the opening in the greatest possible style. Lying on the hillside with some other officers, watched them with field glasses, creep up and surround the tree and at times could see the german
Transcript
[page 31] Bat. Sur. Diary. as he is French. Being separated from the column in a wood and coming to a cross road, he insisted on going to the right; but catching a faint sound of marching feet the other way, made him run and caught up again. Thought it was all off. Moved back to the road of German crosses where the battalion started its all night parade. During that wild hike thru shells and gas, recalled most vividly various scenes from Dante. [August] 7. Instead of rest, more shells come at frequent intervals. We are getting rather
Transcript
[page 32] Bat. Sur, Diary. and if you have a musical ear, can tell if they will fall close up, to one side, or go far beyond. But you have to be pretty darn quick about thinking it over. Shelled all night. Ten horses killed 50 feet away and---. Had a case carried to cart, covered over with tarpaulin and dressed him by the aid of a small flashlight. A piece of shrapnel went thru the side of cart and fractured an iron leg splint. [August] 10 Traded in the English officer
Transcript
[page 33] Bat. Sur. Diary old camp. Tried to sleep in the day time but the flies and the heat were too intense. The boys with the rolling kitchens do marvelous, almost impossible, work, and were there with the goods. Have to see they are always supplied with safe water but don
Transcript
[page 34] Bat. Sur. Diary. [August] 16. Marched all morning and it was dreadfully hot, many falling out. Seems as if this outfit was covering the whole of France. Camped in a beautiful grove of pine trees that looked like Northern Wisconsin.* Paris tied the surgeon
Transcript
[page 35] Bat. Sur. Diary [August] 23 Took a long walk over beautiful roads with Lt. Bradford to go swimming. He has been Over a year and begged to be sent to the front. Talking of death, discovered he knew Omar Khayyam and heard him recite with the greatest pleasure. Marched six kilometers and drilled all day. Weather is sizzling hot and everyone tired out. [August] 24. Drilled in the rain. Received a scolding because the men of the detachment didn
Transcript
[page 36] Bat. Sur. Diary. him up and put him on the horse when he shrieked with terror and ran away. To bed early not feeling well, then called to
Transcript
[page 37] Bat. Sur. Diary. [September] 1. Called on the American Consul, who was most cordial and friendly--more so than his colored doorkeeper. Inspected half a dozen shops, bought a watch that told when it was 24 o
Transcript
[page 38] Bat. Sur. Diary. Heard the regiment had gone on thru, so getting a lift on a motor truck, started to hunt them up. Passed the medical cart broken down by the road, hit by a truck the night before in the dark. Finkbiner was on guard and said the colonels horse was killed. Walked most of the way thru several towns, inquiring always and finally found them in a woods. The chaplain expressed great surprise and said,
Transcript
[page 39] Bat. Sur. Diary only a few get one. Heard of a boy who begged mail orderly to shout his name so others would think he had received a letter. [September] 8. Memorial Services in the forest for those of the 39th who will live forever. Everyone seemed greatly impressed. Had some dental work done by Lt. Rasmussen, sitting on a box out under the trees. Chapter IX In Reserve at St. Mihiel. [September] 9 Marched away wearing overcoat, it being cold and the trip a short one, they said. It rained but was quite overheated when a halt was called and all boarded great closed-in trucks and were whizzed thru the night. The Major and several others laid down on the floor and tried to get a little sleep in vain. While still dark, another long march in the rain and that one overcoat seemed weighted with lead. Thought seriously of throwing it in the ditch. Almost run over by a truck and fell over a rock pile, cutting hand. Time and again thought it was
Transcript
[page 40] Bat. Sur. Diary. most pleasing and happy sensations in the world is getting deloused! A quaint little narrow gauge runs up and down the street carrying ammunition for the big guns and loaded so heavily it always appears ready to fall over. [September] 11. Raining! Opened the bedding roll and put on those dear old rubber boots- the only ones not in the battalion. All ordered to move over into barracks and some open sheds. An enemy plane came scooting across the sky, now flying very low and sending out a stream of yellow fire--machine gun bullets. You are supposed to take cover, stick your head in the sand or do something; but who could resist peeping out at a sight like that? [September] 12 Ready to march on a minute
Transcript
[page 41]Bat. Sur. Diary long night march and now for the first time the surgeon came near doing likewise. All assigned at new place to dugouts in groups in case of air raids. It is most dangerous to walk about here at night because of the numerous holes. Called to see a French officer who fell in a trench and had to send him to the hospital. A French bugle plays frequently and sounds wierd compared to the U.S. with tones of a Scottish bagpipe and streets of Cairo. Wearing first pair of spiral leggins and rather like them. Many german prisoners pass. And long lines of very small donkeys, carrying huge loads. These can go easily where horses and carts cannot. [September] 16 Passing a large sized cemetery, one of the boys exclaimed:
Transcript
[page 42] Bat. Sur. Diary up when the commanding officer comes around.
Transcript
[page 43] Bat. Sur. Diary. [September] 21 Found some ink tablets, dissolve one in an ounce of water and keep cheerful with all the comforts of home. Officers are not supposed to carry canes like the English but some acquire the habit in order to feel their way around at night. But always the doctor wants to make a riding crop, upon seeing a nice leather strap and a stick near together. He had made three and lost them and they
Transcript
[page 44] Bat. Sur. Diary. and the room was full of smoke. Selected a small room adjoining but was ranked out of it, getting second choice, however, --a long box full of hay, like King Alfred used. Wanted to examine it with a knife but was too tired and sleepy. But after they were all cuddled up on the floor, raised the window noiselessly and put a stick under it, in order to let the heat and smoke out. Eyelids sticking fast every morning. Using a silver solution rather than call on anyone else. They all seem to be busy, and besides their hands are not clean. Water is pretty hard to get at this place and it is not much pleasure after carrying it some distance to find your canteen missing. the supply gave out entirely in the afternoon and had to ride forth with the two carts looking for a new source. Took them over packed roads and down several hills, finally coming to one just before a stream that the drivers were afraid of, so sent them around another way. Some of the horses and carts were deep in mud and having a terrible time. Going for water means an adventure always. Have asked the French where it was and have one hold up a canteen offering a drink and then must explain it was for a thousand men. Sometimes it takes three hours or more. The blessed sun comes out and the world goes on! [September] 25. A night march, passing thru several ruined towns and ended in one. Getting off to walk now and then, allowed Paris to ride as he seemed to be having trouble, altho he never complained. A figure beside the road called out:
Transcript
[page 45] Bat. Sur.Diary Never saw so many towering walls and picturesque ruins. Some houses were almost hidden from view by sand bags but most were uninhabitable. Passed a fancy pair of andirons and have seen many interesting ones in use in France. There is an airplane observation post at the street crossing nearby and an officer on watch all the time. All called together and told to prepare for another jump. Chapter X. Into the Argonne. [September] 26 Marched thru the night and had orders to stop at --* and establish a dressing station. Went thru one obliterated town- a mere heap of stones- and could find no one to tell its name and so decided to keep right on. At the next, came to a big battery among ruined walls and a half-asleep guard said that was it. In the meantime, the whole regiment had gone on and there seemed no shelter anywhere. But going thru deep mud over to a demolished chateau, found a tunnel leading down and under bomb-proof, heated and with electric lights-- and almost perfect station and in use. It appeared [diagram] to have once been a wine cellar and there were cots in about a dozen stone arched cells, very snug, but dusty. Double doors of blankets hung across the two entrances to keep the light from shining out, besides others ready to drip in case of gas alarm and altogether it was a difficult hole in the ground to find. not knowing anything like it was thereabouts. Found the Major there and others and at the psychological moment, drew and presented some Nestor cigaretts.
Transcript
[page 46] Bat. Sur. Diary. Later on was ordered with a few to an advanced dressing post in a maze of deep trenches. Now and then a wounded boy in khaki came along but soon a large group of war prisoners appeared, guarded by three mud-stained Yanks, wearing broad smiles and gleaming bayonets. They halted while some were re-bandaged--one died, and the Chaplain buried him a little way down the hill. All day long this kept up, usually with only two guards and they would have a time herding them thru the proper trenches. Some appeared cheerful and glad, others stern and arrogant and wouldn
Transcript
[page 47] Bat. Sur. Diary Paris fell out a half mile from the finish-said he couldn
Transcript
[page 48] Best.Sur.Diary enough here, so asked the Major, Isn
Transcript
[page 49] Bat. Sur. Diary. You can hardly walk around here without seeing things out of place, one of the touchiest being heaps of bombs and hand grenades. The latter are about the size of goose eggs and are said to be harmless until you pull out the ring and squeeze down on the handle, when they shatter the atmosphere for steen feet square. Slept beside the Chaplain two nights and then discovered several grenades on a slanting shelf just overhead. The doctor said,
Transcript
[page 50] Bat. Sur. Diary. things but it wasn
Transcript
[page 51] Bat. Sur. Diary stricken, tried to storm the place, but were told to put on their masks and take things easy. Sometimes when there is much explosive gas, it is quite difficult to distinguish the other kind. The breeze soon cleared it all away, however, and a major, whose eyes were closed, spent most of the night on a cot outside the door. Went out to see him several times and he said a cloth dipped in cold water gave him the most relief. Thought of sleeping on the wire frame nearest the door but decided to take another so as not to be disturbed all night, and Rodman slept thereon and towards morning-- bing! bang!-- a piece of steel came thru the roof and struck his shoulder. So he wins the stripe! Once had a hot argument with a boy who didn
Transcript
[page 52] Bat. Sur. Diary. with you anyway?
Transcript
[page 53] Bat. Sur. Diary. Gas alarm during night twice, by a guard outside door. Capt. F thought he detected phosgene but the chances are he didn
Transcript
[page 54] Bat. Sur. Diary. up to knees. Passed the second time by boche helmet with a jagged bullet hole in front but was too tired to carry it altho wanting to do so. Peace proposals cheer everyone greatly. Chaplain Odell comes in every night and tells all the news and seems greatly elated over prospects. Being ordered to go on and take over an old station, found a lieutenant in charge and was about to dispossess him, when he smilingly informed,
Transcript
[page 55] Bat. Sur. Diary. a hole nearby, build a fire in it late in afternoon and then take it out, thus having a warm bed or one that is warmer. [October] 16 Raining all night. The roof leaked in spots and one spot was directly over one boot. By intuition, put a hand down before putting it on, and then didn
Transcript
[page 56] Bat. Sur. Diary. one was heard to object. Several had just been started back to a leave area for a nice vacation and now everyone was as happy as they. Chapter XIII. Relieved. [October] 19. Marched away at night and after traversing very rough country, halted on a small hill, side of the road, for a little rest and sleep. Had no cover and missing the other medicals, went back to investigate two ambulances a piece down the road, and sure enough there they were. Spread out some blankets on the floor and flour, including the new battalion commander, Capt. E-- packed in like little sardines -- after removing and carefully placing footwear in rear end. The driver and assistant hung up on stretchers overhead. After two hours of a sort of doxing, some one slapped on side of car and shouted:
Transcript
[page 57] Bat.Sur.Diary. most like getting news you were soon going to Heaven. [October] 20 Rain, but for breakfast-pan cakes and quince jam! Was first one up and not waiting for the Captain
Transcript
[page 58] Bat. Sur. Diary. rived at the Bois ----* and found good shelter for all. The Bn.C.O. has a Chinese soldier for orderly, who always wears a smile and he said of him,
Transcript
[page 59] Bat. Sur. Diary. French fried potatoes, lettuce with dressing, and beaucoup win! Her husband, a wounded Blue Devil, was home. My, he had a jaunty air! [October] 23 On the march again. Passed many fields of turnips of an immense size, being gathered in by old men and farmerettes. Billeted three in a room. Sometimes it is difficult to open the window doors-- you turn a knob and push them out, as these people seem a little afraid of night air in their bedrooms. The big red silk feather top covering is the hottest thing ever and is unually on the floor before morning. Here was a fireplace so large it would hold six chairs and Santa Claus could come down with ease. Immense crane on back wall and soot an inch think. [October] 24. Stepped into an ancient church and looked around. Every town and village has its wayside crucifix, in every possible stage of repair and you get so you like to look for it as thinking of how He suffered makes you forget your own troubles. Remember the Gallic chief, who, upon hearing the story of the crucifixion, raised his hand on high and exclaimed:
Transcript
[Page 60] Bat. Sur. Diary rolls wet, inside and out. Cold, and of course, thinking it was safe, nearly everyone had a fire going. But soon along came some officer, and ordered,
Transcript
[page 61] Bat. Sur. Diary street is Le Foyer du Soldat. Stone is cheaper than wood here and all kinds of houses and barns are made of it. Over many doors are small patron saints in niches, one being labeled St. Nicholas. Had nothing to do so went to the Y.M. and heard a graphophone concert, including
Transcript
[page 62] Bat. Sur. Diary not like the cold at all and always has a fire going. [November] 4. Near a cemetery is a tall stone cross and just back of it is pitched a tent. The boys have a clothes line from the tent to the cross. Spent the evening with Capt. Colten, a fine young fellow, who had a fire and electric light. Having neither one nor the other, usually go to bed at 7:30. [November] 5 Assigned to Field Hospital 33. Occasionally you still run into a dice game but they are becoming much more careful and circumspect. Horse stepped on a boy
Transcript
[page 63] Bat. Sur. Diary whether they are after their own property or yours. They left the door open and the dog came in a little later on and he brought a bone upon which he chewed every two hours. [November] 7 Walked to next town ----* and sauntered down the Rus Jeanne D
Transcript
[page 64] Bat. Sur. Diary. nothing came of it and at night time you simply unpack again and keep on hoping. [November] 10 Some more rain. Shoes soaked thru so had to get out the rubber boots. Capt. Allen an associate in training a company at Fort Ethan Allen Vt., in to eat dinner. Walked to ----*, part of the way like stranded Thespians, down railroad track, with Capt. W. Saw part of a terrific dog battle in the muddy street and small boys trying to separate them. Each dog probably tho
Transcript
[page 65] Bat. Sur. Diary. finally decided to stick to the big tent and trust to moving soon. There is talk of someone forgetting the outfit. No newspapers and everyone is crazy for news. Up first one and out to stand Reveille and then took the Company for a hike and run. [November] 15. In trucks, back to where the hospital was before. Passed by a load of colored soldiers singing loudly,
Details
| Title | Nelson J Hawley Battalion Surgeon's Diary -May 10, 1918 - November 16, 1918 |
| Creator | Hawley, Nelson J. |
| Source | Hawley, Nelson J. Battalion Surgeon's Diary. 10 May 1918- 16 November 1918. World War I Collection. A1771. Missouri History Museum, St. Louis, Missouri. |
| Description | This is the diary of Nelson J. Hawley. As a physician, Hawley was in charge of the relief/medical supply cart/water cart. Every day he went out to look for water. The diary details lots of incidents of being shelled, gassed and shot at; but because Hawley was in the rear and a medic he didn't actually fight in the battles. The diary provides a window into the daily lives of medics and soldiers in general. |
| Subject LCSH | Argonne; Saint-Mihiel, Battle of, Saint-Mihiel, France, 1918; World War, 1914-1918--Medical care--United States; World War, 1914-1918--Transportation; War horses; World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals; Gas masks; Mustard gas; Soldiers--Billeting; World War, 191 |
| Subject Local | World War I; WWI; Campaigns/Battles - Common names [Meuse-Argonne Offensive] |
| Site Accession Number | A1771 |
| Contributing Institution | Missouri History Museum |
| Copy Request | Transmission or reproduction of items on these pages beyond those allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the Missouri History Museum: 314-746-4510 |
| Rights | The text and images contained in this collection are intended for research and educational use only. Duplication of any of these images for commercial use without express written consent is expressly prohibited. Contact the Missouri History Museum's Permissions Office at 314-746-4511 to obtain written consent. |
| Date Original | November 16, 1918 |
| Language | English |