Levi H. Fuson Diary - 1917-1919
Transcript
[cover page]
Transcript
L. H. Fuson [refill ordering text] Websters 44 Dover St London W.
Transcript
May 19, [1917] New York (Sat) Arrived in New York yesterday Sail today 12 noon on St. Paul Attended The winter garden last night. Saw
Transcript
We had very nice trip. Weather rough our dog when many were sea-sick including myself. Turned [ms illegible: 1 wd] up about 30 minutes every day. Traveled about 400 mi per day. Saw no submarines. Many precautions were taken for our safety. Met U.S. Submarine destroyers 1 day out from [Liverpool] May. 28
Transcript
look at us as if we are New to them. We Do not and elicit any emotional manifestations in their outward actions altho we are assured that they are very glad to see us. May 29, [1917] (London) [England] We left Liverpool [England] at 9:40 am and landed in London at Easton Station about 3.P.M. going 193 miles The trains are very different from our own. Much smaller but go on fine and give very good service. No dining cars. Lunch is served in individual baskets there are 1st and 2nd and 3rd class passage. We rode 1st class.
Transcript
5 or 6 officers in each compartment. The vegetation has very dark green color. mostly all fields were in grass. Saw few freshly planted fields. No orchards. Many truck patches. On reaching London [England] we are met at the station by Val. Brodly U.S. and assigned lodging at the Curzan Hotel. May 30. [1917] (Cruzan Hotel) Went to the American embassy at 1015 AM and was introduced in person to our ambassador Mr. Page. Who gave us kind greetings and invitation to his home attended service at
Transcript
the St. Paul tabernacle at 12 noon. The Curzon is located in few blocks of the house of parliament, and Kings palace, in the choice part of London. Streets run in all directions many radiate out from point called a circus, other formations are called squared. There is no east, west, north, or south. places thru out the entire town must be learned like a map & it must be like acquiring a new [ms illegible: 1 wd] to acquaint yourself with the streets Eache street changes its name every 2 or 3 blocks. There are very few street cars. Transfer busses and taxicabs are numerous
Transcript
to get service of taxicab one has only to step on side street and whistle and two or three cabs appear immediately. The busses run on defined route and the fare is so many pence per mile. All cars and street travel is on left side of street instead of right as in our country. Very few other automobiles are seen since they are restricted the use of such is for any unnecessary use by the government as a measure of economy. There are no buildings over 3 stories high,
Transcript
their constructions being prohibited by the government. Outside appearance of the buildings is one of age. Beautiful residence building & lawns are not seen. There are no lawns. Houses are on the street and placed against each other. The beds are the best ever. Restrictions are placed on sugar meat, potatoes and bread. allowed 5 oz meat and 6 oz, bread per day. Sugar is served by the waiter. Beer and wine can be purchased between 1230 and 230pm. 630 and 930 PM. Only one is not allowed to treat a friend.
Transcript
My room mate now comes in with a new hair cut for which he paid 3 shillings in a supposedly first class hair dressing parlor and he is raving mad about the way it is butchered. We ordered two bottles of beer to our room and are charged 25. The beer is hot and tastes bad. It seems to have been the Englishman
Transcript
goblet of warm water with out ice except you make special request for the ice. I mention goblets for I have not seen a glass since I left the boat at Liverpool [England] Tonight I enjoyed the pleasure of meeting a man whom I assure you I should have gone far to see. Shortly after dinner while standing on front steps of the curzon hotel with some other U.S.A. uniformed men, a man was suddenly in our group (how he got there I didn
Transcript
put out his hand and said
Transcript
he was chosen to occupy the chair of internal medicine in the Oxford Med, College England and remained also prof. of internal Medicine (Universities) at his previous post, the John Hopkins. These indications are part of what his name introduced to me and I can
Transcript
May 31, 1917. Walked up picadilly, across Hay Market St. down the Mall to the Buckingham Palace where the King and Queen reside. It is a very old place built in a quadrangel about a hollowed square is tow stories high. In front stands queen Victories monument In the rear and continuous with the palace is the Royal Muse which is the only fort open to the public This is the stable where are kept the King and queen
Transcript
Walking further thru Buckingham palace road and Bird Cage Gate I passed the Wellington Barracks where the king troops quarter, and West Minister Abbey which is a very large and ancient structure I passed there part called poet
Transcript
just across the street is the house of parliament. into which I has the good fortune to be conducted. Our wing was pointed out to be the only remaining part of the original building which was built near 1000 and the rest having been destroyed by fire about 1820, and immediately the present one built. I was in this old wing that Warren Hastings had his trial, that Charles I was sentenced to be beheaded, & that Cromwell spoke. It now is being repaired and out of use. The House of Commons
Transcript
and lords are in the main part of the building Each is small and will not seat its entire house of about 600 should all attend In the house of commons the speaker has elevated seat commanding the house. In the house of Lords the speaker is the Lord Chancelor and merely presides with less power than the speaker of the house of commons. To indicate this his seat is not elevated. Behind this are elevated chair one each for king and queen who are present at the beginning of each session of parliament. They enter thru
Transcript
a special hall called
Transcript
At 3 PM. I went to the American Embassy, for my passport to France. When furnished with this I took taxicab to the home of Mr. Roger our ambassador who lives on Governor Square. Here I had tea with him, wife and many other Americans in England. These English Americans gave us a very welcome reception. They were glad to have us tell them that America was coming in solidly. They seem to have idea that the east U.S. was held in check by the west. Wrote letter to Nell Retired at 10 P.M.
Transcript
June 1 1917 Visited the old London Tower, parts of which were erected about 1025 used at different times as prison, palace, store, houses and barracks. A guide conducted us there and referred to many famous points of history its connection with its various parts. In one part called the Bloody Tower we saw where Sir Walter Raleigh was kept prisoner. The axe and chopping block where famous people were beheaded. In one fort the St. Peter Chapel are buried many of there persons
Transcript
In another fort the tower of Wakefield, are the King and queens Regalia, among which are some of the most valuable stand in the world. At 8pm, attended
Transcript
sculptor who, was making artificial ears noses, etc almost entirely correcting, so far as looks goes the defects from bullet injuries about fare of their patients. Among his enlisted men was an artist who was decorating the walls of these temporary structures with paintings. Among the measures taken for the amusement of the convalescents was a movie apparatus. On the curtain was painted the emblem of all the allies. WE suggested that our emblem be added and arrangements were made to do this.
Transcript
Saw King and queen in parade. Attended services at West Minister Abbey, Saw where Kings and queens are burried there Attended services of Empire Day at St. Pauls Cathedral. Ate supper at the Simpsons and finished the day with show at the all bambra
Transcript
June - 3 [1917] Sunday Walked in Hyde Park 10am 11am to 130 PM. This is large beautiful park and the day is a very pleasant one. Afternoon spent at the Zoological Gardens in Regent
Transcript
June 4 [1917] Visited the American Military [Hospital] Managed by Mrs. Chapin financed by New York man under Medical supervision of Dr. McFadden The hospital has been operating only since short time after the war begun is used only for limited number (about 70) of convalescents for which it is beautifully adopted as it is an old home site in rural part used one time as the home of a very wealthy man. --- Wrote letters to Nell and Dad. Later letter to Dr. E. S. Smith and cards to Dr. Jules Valle and Dr. DKRose.
Transcript
June 5 1917, Visited the Overseas club where it is the privilege of all Army officers to become honorary members by registering their names. June 6
Transcript
June 7 [1917] Took breakfast at 7 am and made trip to Northolt to see the 53 flying squadron. Where aviators are made Did not get trip in the air. Show at
Transcript
June 10 [1917] Day in Havre [France] June 11. [1917] Left Havre at night. Rode all night sitting up in dark compartment. June 12. [1917] Reached Rouen [France] at 6 am, Marched 3 mi to camp when we were given breakfast made rounds with staff. June 13 [1917] 1st day on duty in charge of Z ward of skin cases and ward of general medicine Have discharged all my cases. Letter to Nell S June 14 [1917] [June] 15 [1917] Nothing New
Transcript
June 16 [1917] Very warm day. At 3am heard gun fire on the line very distinctly changed from medical to surgical service Gave ether anesthetic for Capt. Rainey operation to ligate external facial artery, June 28 [1917]. No mail from home. Writing letter every second day to Nell. Letter to Dad yesterday. Opened Bank account. Cashed ck for $90 and received credit for 509.40 Francs. purchased Watterman fountain pen for 28 Francs. Having plenty to eat. Limited to 1/3 loaf bread per day. No other limitations. Getting fresh cherries and strawberries to eat. Are much larger and taste sweeter than those in the U.S.A.
Transcript
playing tennis and base-ball almost every afternoon. Sleeping in open tent. Ideal life for a tuberculosis suspect. Have rain about everyday as a rule in small showers. Patients came in al night so far at rate of about 90 every 2nd or 3rd night which we told is quite a small number from the fact we are told that British casualties are very few now due to heavy work of British artillery and British control of the air. These are distributed among the different wards 9 in number each containing about 110 beds. They are kept here only a few days
Transcript
and sent on to Base Hospitals across the channel as soon as they can stand the trip. Send out about two loads of patients each day. Some in stretchers a larger number able to sit and walk. They usually reach us from 2 days on after being wounded are all greatly fatigued and their wounds are practically all infected when we see them. They usually sleep most of the first few days here. Spent this P.M. visiting the lads on my ward and getting each one
Transcript
with temp 101. swelling and pain in shoulder. Xray showed bullet under arm. There was only small hole of entry on top of shoulder. Nothing extreme about his case. He is rather dull chap and tells his story poorly. With 9 others they had crawled 50 yards in advance of the front line trench in the night to a distance of some 50 or 60 yards from the front German trench in
Transcript
trench was deep enough to work on knees & be out of sight the spade was used. Dirt thrown forward. In two hours these ten men had burried in & were relieved German snipers were firing all the while but wildly as it was dark. This work is always done at night. When relieved they crawled back 50yrds to their front trench over top us communicating trench had not been made Mr. Baily was only few yards from safety when the sniper got him. He doesn
Transcript
He doesn
Transcript
had dropped into several shell holes and was leaving one to advance into another when he got his. He was unable to move himself but was fortunate to be picked up at once by stretcher bearers and taken to the dressing station the Boches from some reason did not fire at the stretcher bearers as they usually do. He is happy too. All who have a wound severe enough to keep them out of future service are happy and produce a smile when you tell them they are going to
Transcript
Not a day passes that one has a group of old hernias, varices urethral strictures from which they have suffered for years, claiming cause for an operation or Excuse from service yesterday I had a middle aged man who left the front because of trouble with a stricture which had not given trouble for three years. He was quite positive he could not void on the front without unreserve difficulty. I was not justified in accepting his word but had to examine & an Examination was easily able to [ms illegible: 1 wd] No 12 soft catheter. The re-
Transcript
sult of which means that he will be sent back to the front. All cases with hernias are fitted with frurus if possible and sent back to work. You don
Transcript
had first coughed up a quart of blood and died. When seen short time previously he was setting in bed comfortable. He had been shot in the back there was only a small prick in the skin. The xray showed a hair of metal inside the skin but he seemed to be going fine. The officer who saw him die in 10 minutes said it was very sad. The chap was conscious sitting up holding his sputum cup up and collecting the blood as it came up not saying a word or looking the least excited. When considerable blood was lost he became unconscious and collapsed 1045 PM.
Transcript
Announcement just now made that a case of strangulated hernia has just come in and all the Majors and Captain one out to dinner at No 9 and we Lieutenants may have to operate, at once, Word has also came that a convoy is coming in tonight. Very heavy rain for several home tonight In operating room until 2A.M. June 29 [1917]. On ward until 4 p.m. Tea at 430 Colonel Bigsby to tea with us. Cold showers. Several
Transcript
fellows received mail from home dated at 12th of June 30 [1917] Cold, cloudy, dark day No mail. Letter 16 to Nell. French paper States 10,000 American troops landed in France few days ago. No Convoy last 24 hrs. Census shows 52 patients on B lines
Transcript
July 1 [1917] Paris [France] paper reports That there were 5 transports of U.S. troops. that German [ms illegible: 1 wd] vessels were used. [ms illegible: 1 wd] by 12 U.S. submarine destroyers one battleship and such by several french torpedo boats. port of landing was not published no convoy today work light. Ten of us took boat down the Seine to La Boulle [France] and walked back to camp a distance of 12 miles, stopping midway for supper left Rauen al 215pm arrived at La Boulle at 355 peached home
Transcript
brown bread, sardines egg omelete, and salad. We spoke poor french and the waiter gave us coffee in large soup bowl instead of demitasse a french noble man and wife were our guests at supper they gave to each of us a big vase and gave the toast of
Transcript
its beginning, fighting in Egypt Gallipoli peninsula, and twice on French front. Both had lost all their brothers and were very tired of the fighting. Both were landowners and had families in Australia and enjoyed easy civil life previous to the war. They have the greatest frendship for the Canadians and New Zealanders but a dislike for the British and French soldiers. They felt that they were put thru more risks. Both fought thru battle of the Somme They assured us they would
Transcript
July 4, [1917] Conway of 102 patients at midnight. Small U.S. flags distributed in wards to individual patients. Stars and stripes hoisted over the mess hall. Base ball game St. Louis and Cleveland base hospitals. I pitched part of game which was back to Cleveland. Officers and Nunns of No 21 entertained No 6 at tea. July 5 [1917] Work light. No convoy in or out. No mail. Was train officer. Fitted truss for german prisoner. July 6 [1917] No convoy in or out Work light. Tennis all afternoon. Letter to Nell. No mail.
Transcript
July 8 [1917] was orderly officer for nt hrs up to 9 A.M. today. Up all night. Received a convoy of 9 patients at midnight. Saw my first case of gas bacilles infection and diagnosed it case was operated immediately 2 AM. Three letters from Nell. Dated June 4-11-15. Letters were most welcome at same time increased my anxiety to be at home. Base ball game with Canadian Hosp. recalled because of the rain. July 9
Transcript
moved from C.C.S. to us on July 8 [1917] Supposedly left C.C.S in apparent good condition. Reached us at 12 midnight on 8th. Temp 100. [MS illegible: 1 wd] thirty history of having been vomiting 12 hrs. Characteristic gas odor to wound few gas bubbles escaping from discharge in wound. Slight air crefiters below wound in tubculanesy tissue. Operated at 2 a, wound widely opened. All devitalized tissue excised. Subcutanesa saline tap water. Morphine PRM. Pt. temp 105R 7AM. arm pulselers Arm amputated above elbow, no flaps. Gas anaesthesia. 4 PM. Pt died few hrs. later culture from arm showed gas D. and stophy Aureus.
Transcript
July 10 - 1917. put up several fractured femurs in St. Class frames on Thomas splints. Denied new and very suitable attachment to prevent Toe
Transcript
Letter 19 to Nell. No mail from home. Convoy of 70 patients came in at 2 am. Small convoy amb. July 11. [1917] No convoy work light Letter No 4 from Nell. No 20 to Nell. July 12 [1917]. No convoy work very light. Wrote letters to Dr. Rose ESSmith Brosce & Wm. and CA Turner Spent few hrs in Rouen [France] Every where one sees the british uniforms. The town is under guard of the british from [Ms illegible: 1 wd] There are very few french men seen anywhere. The entire french populace seems a poverty stricken mass
Transcript
of women children and a few old men. The children are very dirty. Women run the train cars which give very inadequate service. Our [ms illegible: 1 wd] habit is the use of latrines which are mere open stalls opening everywhere on the streets. Men are seen any time walking up and using these public latrines along edge of side walks and ladies passing closely to their backs. The Daily Mail reports that Russians have taken 30,000 prisoners in ten days and German unitaries Above Ypres [France] neat the coast. British losses are not stated.
Transcript
July 13
Transcript
a box of chiemicals the formula for which is not given will for the purpose of rendering any breathed gas [ms illegible: 1wd] toxic air holes air exits thru rubber value affair. One finds it difficult to talk when wash is applied. Vapor condences all the glasses inside the face chamber and obscures the vision in very short time. [sketch] Very interesting conversation with a wounded private Churchhill today who was wounded near Perrovec and St. Quentin. He was a member of the cavalry troops but was being used as infantry when wounded. There had been very little demand for
Transcript
wounded troops in the truck warfare. In this part there has been little heavy fighting for several months. There were were simply holding the line and occasionally going over in surprise parties on the Boches
Transcript
[sketch of battlefield] either side are high ground. The german second line on the crest and their dugouts f. well behind the crest on another slope. There trenches run for miles and miles of which here is sketched only about 500 yards.
Transcript
This fort of German trenches had been photographed by air planes every day for 1 wk before the attack and maps carefully studied in the hands of each man who was to take part. The three days before the attack the men were detailed distance of 2 kilos back of front where these german trenches were sketched on the ground and they drilled in the fort each man would perform 150 men in 6 parties 25 each under command of a captain and several Lieuts. Went over no man
Transcript
placed under the wire & exploded). This explosion was signal to the British barrages to open fire on the trenches in this region. After barrages for 2 min, the guns stopped firing on the strip in front of the troops o.n.t.m. while they advanced to the front line. Party I was to go to right in front trench and hold it. party 6 to left and hold forty 2. 3. 4 cross to 2nd trench take it. the dugouts and a small trench I.h. party 5 to pass down communicating trench b.d. take it and follow up party 2-3-4 and pick up the wounded and prisoners. My friend Mr. Churchill was in party number 5. After 5 min the barrage was lifted off of the block within lines X.Y.Z.C and spread out to left, right and rear of them for 45 minutes
Transcript
while these parties did their work. Everything went smoothly as planned each doing his assignment. The trenches were bombed and cleaned all not killed taken prisoners. Dugouts were not entered but bombed as ordered using explosive and gas shells. Took 35 german prisoners killed twice as many. Twenty british wounded none killed. Churchill was shot in the back by flank firing as he was returning from 2nd trench, He carried on and took two prisoners back to place under cover in no man
Transcript
Fortunately & unexpected to the british, the German artillary did not open fire on them as they returned Xray shows big piece of lead in Churchill
Transcript
and succeeded in killing out a very great number of british troops at Loos in [January] 1915 Making a gap thru the then poorly trained and poorly equipped English army. The German plan was to go straight thru to coast. They might have done this had they tried very hard because there was little resistance here to prevent. They tarried a spell thinking their job quite easy and this gave English time to reinforce. The gas used here was chlorine gas and was contained in heavy cylinders under great enough pressure to make it liquify. These cylinders were placed in German front trenches and allowed
Transcript
to escape thru a pipe which lead over the parapet to no man
Transcript
of it was closed about the neck. There were windows of sing glass for the eyes. Mouth piece thru which air was exhaled. This kept out phosgene fairly well but not tear gas. To keep out tear gas a sound covering for eyes used. putting both pieces on required too much time This was abandoned and the pressure helmet used which sifts out the poisonous gas and has a tight face chamber which keeps out tear gas. Soldiers are drilled until they can put the helmet on in 6 seconds. The infantry man always has his helmet with him and if there is a wind or other things conducive even for
Transcript
the
Transcript
so when one passes over the
Transcript
to catch the germans without their mask after a gas attack masks are worn until officers makes sure the gas has escaped. It is heavy and settles into trenches & dugouts. There [ms illegible: 1 wd] be burned out before helmet is removed. Phosgene corrodes metals as rings, watches guns and ammunition. Guns must be cleaned in special way as soon as possible after a gas attack. Ammunition which is corroded in few rounds loads gun barrel. If corroded ammunition is used it must first be polished to normal color. ammunition should be kept under special gas protecting sheet. Doors to dug outs also have anti gas curtain.
Transcript
We worked thru a dugout filled with phosgene. My helmet fit guide well and I came away without getting even the odor of the gas. I could see the heavy white move falling toward the ground (dependent ports of dugout). Saw the Lewis and Vicar field guns operating. July 15 [1917]. Patients came down with common conditions known as shell shock.
Transcript
to small stimulations, the touch of a finger to any port may cause them to go with a tremor sudden noise like wise may cause them to go with sudden several tremor. This accompanied by a frightened weary facial expression They often can hear & understand, write, read but be unable to speak suffer only with headaches, dream of sure fire & trench life. Perambulate in their sleep. They improve gradually to normal. Bill merely asking patient if he still hears guns even after he is much improved may cause him to jump back frightened and start a tremor. We at present have a case work about the hosp
Transcript
read, hear & write but who cannot speak. Here is a piece he wrote for his doctor -
Transcript
German hoard. Hindenberg was just having tea and did not expect me to start the offensive so I took him by surprise as so to speak sir. As soon as he saw me he swallowed a loaf of bread, swore a big [ms illegible: 1 wd] and sent for another 30000 reinforcements but I was at him like a fly round a can of ticklers jam, My men went down chaff sir and one of the 12 men I had only myself and the white elephant left. I had been wounded 68 times sir, and was feeling a little faint but managed to keep on for another 3 wks until Hindenburg evacuated his position & took up a fresh one 50 miles further back. Yes sir, I should
Transcript
real have left the line only I had another 75 wounds and my medical officer said I would come in handy for a pepper box down the base. Yes sir I don
Transcript
a very good fellow and to whom we drank a toast and gave a loving cup, party ended by stocking tents. Letter No 5 and 6 from Nell. July 20, [1917] No mail letter No 25 to Nell. Convoy of 60 patients last night. [ms illegible: 2 wds] officers and nurses from Gen. Hosp No. 10 and Australian Hosp. No 1 to tea. Officers and Nurses indoor base-ball game main feature of entertainment officers handicapped with gaudy colored shirts specially improvised Relay races and etc. We find that wounded knees do better when left widdy opened many come down sutured up and have to be opened up.
Transcript
Are putting traction on all intra capsulars infections and establishing drainage Blake splint best for this. July 21
Transcript
837 patients in Hosp. today. July 23 [1917] Letter from Dad dated May 31 [1917]. Busiest day I have had thus far. Received convoy of 135 cases at 9AM. Last two convoys from region of Ypres [France] Yesterday cases were in big part gas cases. Many have skin wounds from the gas which look much like burns without contact exposure to shell fragments. Cases did not know they were gased until 8 or 10 hrs later. Many have bronchitis, cough lost their voice eyelids swollen. Tendency to gastrointestinal disturbance.
Transcript
July 24, [1917] Two convoys today totalling 221 patients. Cases had been on train 24 hrs and sent to us from casualty clearing station near Ypres [France] 50 patients discharged. Number in Hosp. something over 1000 patients In todays convoy there were many severely wounded. Majority of cases were surgical. Everything indicates a big push on northern part near coast and Ypres [France]. Letters from Dad dated 6-29 [1917] and No. 7 from Nell dated 6-29 [1917] Letter to Dad. enclosing elaborate drawing of pt Sevury in St. Clair [France] with exterior on fractured femur and wound living irrigated.
Transcript
July 25 [1917] no mail. Convoy of 161 at 2 AM. and 131 at 1030AM. Making Hosp. expand to 1270 patients. Convoy today badly wounded lot from region of Ypres, Bullicourt and Mercies [France]. All report that German artillery firing heavily. The rumors are that the British push is now beginning. I was taken away from Serg. Hut and given charge of k. Line letter 27 to Nell this my busiest day so far. July 26 [1917] Two Convoys in huge convoys out. July 27 [1917]. Letters 8 and 9
Transcript
from Nell. 28 to Nell. July 28 [1917] Letter No 10 from Nell. My letters unstamped not received as yet. Convoy 103 patients today. Practically all medical. Notified from Surg. Gen. that German are using new gas which is not detected until effects come on hrs. later produces conjunctivits, bronchitis and produces skin buns thru the clothing administration of cacllocally and intravenously recommended. Changed from Surg hut to K. lives two days ago when they were filled by the heavy convoys. These cases mainly walking as boils, sprained ankles, hernias, files superficial wounds letter to Dr. J.F. Valle.
Transcript
July 29 - 1917 No mail Letter no 29 to Nell convoy 75 this AM. Work light again. Warned yesterday to empty our beds and are anticipating a big push. Pitched baseball game this afternoon. July 30
Transcript
Gas seems to be Di-chlor-ethyl-sulphide ClCl2-Ch2-S. Ccl2-CH2 When shell burst it produces yellow patch on the ground. Seems to collect in cellars, dugouts and is taken up by moisture. skin burns common thru clothing Helmets give adequate protection. July, 31 [1917] Convoy of 80 patients at midnight. No mail letter to Nell.
Transcript
OCONNOR July 31 [1917] [sketch of leg] wound E (infected) Normal 12 days after injury arrais thesis wound E G. SW. severing sciatic L. Leg. Flocid paralysis muscles of leg and foot anesthesia as marked. Sensation intact where long saphenus nerve gives cutneau innervation portenior splint to prevent achilles contraction. [written in right margin] G.S.W. P knee. joint white open. Patelle gone. Thomas splint, traction and imigation established
Transcript
July 31, [1917] Sanders G.S.W.R KNEE wounded July 23 L. Thigh. L. Leg C fr. T and F. Lagr Flesh wounds [sketch of lower half of body] [arrow] G.S.W. discharge fecal odor KNEE Open [arrow] camp Fr. T and F. Small G.S.W. mid thigh medical surface discharging dirty gray pursulent exudate C fecal odor. Today notices red swollen apparently localized fluctuating are 5-8 cm L. main. Incried fecal odored gas and has escaped Temp 102-104. Tractionms on R knee. Leg in Thomas. L. Leg on past splint swing over leg both. wd. flooded c salin of 15 min. Hot air by electric lights. over [sketch]
Transcript
Fern. Vessels Foreign body. in fem canal Foramen wide (Where pens presented). [arrow] Incision along track [arrow] wd of entry Incision loging the tract open. We packed tract below deep facia F. 3.
Transcript
July 31[1917] BEXLEY Wounded July 20 cgw. l Knee. Fr. upper T and F. wound [sketch] a joint wide open patella and tendon turned back is flap on quadiceps temoris. Lower end of femur upper end T and F. uncovered. Constraint irrigation. Leg is Thomas splint. Traction L. leg Leg suspended in St. Clair bed. Complain of considerable pain. Temp low.
Transcript
[August] 1
Transcript
from a concert about 3hrs ago to find that two convoys of patients were coming in. Patients were unloaded from ambulances as rapid as our enlisted force could work from 9PM to 1230. The poor fellows were wounded at 6 AM. July 31 [1917] had been passed thru a dressing station and sent down to us. They had spent about 24 hrs on the train. Most of them still wore the clothes they wore when injured were quite muddy and dirty. Very little done to wound. Evidently the clearing stations were so crowded that little could be done there While this stream of poor wounded fellows
Transcript
came in on their stretchers. there was a constant cold steady rain. [August] 3 1917. Letter from Dr. E S Smith. Very heavy day. Two more convoys today. waking number admitted about 425 in last 24 hrs. practically all of these were wounded. Their wounds unoperated. Kept three operating tables busy from 2PM to 1130 PM I did three and assisted in 5 others. There were several cases of gas bacellus infection. [August] 4 1917. Convoy of approx 220 cases past 24 hrs. [ms illegible: 1 wd] of approx. 80 admissions in past 48 hrs
Transcript
worked very constantly all day up to 11PM. Considerable of which was writing records. Rain continues. No sunshine for 7 days. Letter No 32 to Nell. [August] 5
Transcript
on patient. Convoy of 180 patients. [August] 8 -1917. Letter 34 to Nell. Changed from K lines to D lines
Transcript
[August] 10
Transcript
[August] 14 [1917] On every hand the common assumption is that not the German common folk socialists, liberalists, social democrats or whatever they me be called, but the ring about the imperial few, the [Hohenzollern] is the force directly responsible for the continuation of the war with its brutal german acts such as submarine warfare, London air-raids on innocent women and children, Belgian deportation, sinking of hospital ships loaded with nurses, wounded soldiers who would never be back on the line and who on the other hand represent a military expense rather than an military asset.
Transcript
I say it is the common assumption now held by all the allied forces. The following notes abstracted from W.S. moots article
Transcript
and so can order the passage or killing of any measure he chooses. He appoints & discharges the imperial chancellor who is responsible to him only who must however be member of the [Bundespath] and who is chairman of this body. Kaiser is chief of Army & Navy for which he appoints leading officers and exacts fullest and blindest obedience. [Bundespath] not representation of people. The [Bundespath] is executive legislative and judicial however not a deliberative body. The [Reichstag] is a legislative body who make laws, rather recommended laws but who cannot really make them they are elected by the popular vote from districts. Districts apportioned about 1870 one [ms illegible: 1wd] for ever 100 000 people. These districts have up to present remained
Transcript
unchanged and now do not represent the proper distribution urban districts far above their proper number of members in the Reichstag. It is said the rural wealthy liberals control as it is. But if it were properly represented the common urban social democrats would be in power. Kaiser has power to dissolve the Reichstag. Term of office 5 yrs for its members. No mail. Letter 37 to Nell Letter to Bro. Cl. [August] 16, [1917] letter 38 to Nell. Very beautiful day. Quite idle, enjoyed a walk to the river on the west of camp, stopping at the boat landing where boat load of coal was being unloaded by large derricks which emptied into small
Transcript
cable cars which run by motors on elevated track well back to a dump 100 yrds or more beyond. [August] 17 [1917]. Took afternoon in walk to Le Essarts a small village 5 miles south of camp. Had tea there and returned on foot. [August] 18, [1917] Letter 39 to Nell. Trip upon the high ground to the east of Rouen [France] which stands 450 feet above the winding Seine. This place is known as Bon Secour. It is here that the monument is erected to Jeanne De Ari. Near it is a crowded burial ground and a magnificent old cathedral one stands on this height and looks well over the entire town of Rouen[France] and up and sown the bends of the river for miles
Transcript
Had drive in Rouen [France] at Hotel de Nord which cost 9 franc [August] 19 [1917]. Sunday. Long walk thru the pine forests south of Camp. [August] 20 [1917] At exactly 430 PM was saw a mine exploded we were stationed about
Transcript
The hole produced appeared to be 40 ft wide. 100 ft long and 30 ft deep. 1200 pounds of Explosives captured from the Germans was used in the explosions. Letter 40 to Nell. [August] 21 [1917]. Two operations. Incision and drainage forearm and Incision and drainage leg. [August] 22 [1917] Amputation arm-gas infected Letter 41 to Nell. [August] 23 [1917] Letter no 3 from Dad written July 28[1917]. 50 new patients today Busy day. Four operations two infected hands, one G.SW. hand one carbuncle of knee.
Transcript
[August 25, 1917]. Two operations Letter 42 to Nell Had 126 patients in my ward today. Quite busy. Many patients from, various clearing stations telling us that Germans are air raiding No 4, 64, 61. and 46. CCS. Formula for St Clair
Transcript
Cure for infection artery wd [arrow] [sketch of forearm] Fr. radius [Arrow] [sketch of forearm] Revision wd [arrow] J.B. Size of walnut from dorrum. [arrow] [sketch of forearm] amputation Stump [sketch of log] 5 flaps. Shrapnel entry valor surfaces thru head radius, found dorssum wrist. Wounded l arm [August] 18 [1917]. Gas infections noted same day and wd revised TB removed at 4 PM. Temp. 102 to 103. Pulse 100 to 120 up to 2PM. [August] 20 [1917]. When wds opened wider. 5 drop in Temp. amputation
Transcript
Amputation considered at 2nd operation. Pt did not seem sick generally. Temp and pulse climbed so slowly since 1st operation and revisions not extensive at first operation. So felt that by opening up wds wider and removed neurotis tissue would possibly save the arm. Culture taken from tissue distal to wd. neg. However Temp pulse not improved after 2nd operation Tho pt said he felt no worse. Some pain but not extreme. Arm swollen to Elbow amputation could not be made below elbow. Temp & pulse improved. Subsequently. Full leg lysis over 4 or 5 days. Stump dirty & somewhat painful.
Transcript
[full page sketch of arm bone with arteries] [arrow] Ligation probably here [arrow] wd here.
Transcript
[August] 26 [1917] Boyd Three wks after injury line demarcation [arrow] Dry gangrene wded about July 28 [1917] [sketch of arm] wd [arrow] sutured brochial artery fracture Line of demarcation sharp. hand blue cold drying up. in electric over. very little pain in arms. hand anesthetic for sometime fraction on arm in Thomas extension. Wound practically clean. Closed up except skin. No temperature since [August] 11 [1917]. Never had pain. hand anesthetic constricting traction 1st 72 hrs. Which may have caused circulation of hand to have been worse. Case shown al med. meeting [September] 1 [1917]. Union form Elbow flexed under ether and put in angle splint.
Transcript
26-9-11 Temp 104 forearm much swollen and edematous amputation above the line of demarkation about function of upper and mid 1/3; two longitudinal sligts of soft tissue. Muscles appear quite anemic & badly infected. No attempt to get flaps 8-11-17 Stump clean 2
Transcript
[August] 26. [1917] Letter to Dad. [August] 27 [1917] Letter 43 to Nell [August] 28 [1917] Letter 17 and 18 from Nell [August] 29 [1917]
Transcript
[September] 20 [1917] Letter 53 to Nell. Busy day. Concert tonight. Went to bed early and tired last night after a long hard day. So tired that muscle aches kept me from sleeping soundly. At midnight I was awakened by the rush and loud talking of others of the camp while awaking I heard the sound of great explosion It was soon ascertained that not usual event was going on. Whistles of various parts of the Rouen [France] District were blowing. Automobiles were chasing up and down the roads sounding their horns continuously. Church bills were singing and antiair craft
Transcript
guns were firing. These are the signals which are used to spread news of a coming air raid WE immediately turned out all lights. Scrambles half way into our clothes and stationed ourselves along our sperate posts. No airplane was sighted or heard by anyone in the hosp. Lights were off until 3 AM. [September] 21[1917] Letter 30 from Nell Letter 54 to Nell. [September] 23 [1917] Letter 29 from and 55 to Nell. [September] 24 [1917] letter from Dad. Letter. 56 to Nell. were busy in operating room 24 hrs. straight [September] 25 [1917] No 57 to Nell [September] 26 [1917] 58 to Nell Letter 35 from Nell. Letter from TE.
Transcript
[September] 27 [1917] Letter 59 to Nell No 31 and 32 from Nell Busy day. In operating room all day & up to 3 am next morning. Cases coming down fresh from battle field with out having been operated. Many of them have gas bacillus infections. Big percentage are shrapnel wounds. [September] 28 [1917] Letter 60 to Nell. [September] 29 [1917] Letter 61 to Nell [September] 30 [1917] letter 31from Nell [October] 1 [1917] letter 62 to Nell [October] 2 [1917] Letter 63 to Nell. Capt post. Lt Gilbert ordered up to casualty clearing station. [October] 3 [1917] Letter 64 to Nell [October] 4 [1917] Letter 65 to Nell [October] 5 [1917] [Letter] 66 [October] 26 [1917] [Letter] 67 [October] 7 [1917] 68
Transcript
[October] 8 [1917]
Transcript
popliteal Anemgsm J. Fowler. And D no. 614 age 35 Bullet wd passing from joint just below popliteal [ms illegible: 1 wd] & to outer side of leg thru popliteal space and [sketch of leg] thru joint on inner side of leg just opposite medial condyle of the femur. Wounded on [October] 5[1917] Entered Hops No 12 [October] 7 [1917] Wd healing apparently primary Temp not over 98 pain is [ms illegible: 1 wd] shoe holds leg flexed at knee as shown in diagram small raised tumor here 4x6 [ms illegible: 1 wd] and 1 to 2 [ms illegible: 1 wd] above normal level. Definite [ms illegible: 1 wd] visible impulse Eshanside send Brut. Not history of
Transcript
aneurysm [arrow] [sketch of leg] bleeding from the wounds. No change in phys signs since aneurysm was first discovered. [October] 27 [1917]. No change in mass. E & E wds clean. Operated, Aneurysm 4X6 cm. Apparently of articular branch which was carefully disected out and removed. Closed two layer fine silk suture 8-11-17. Sutures removed. Wd clean primary healing.
Transcript
Diag GSW Both Buttocks Fr. Coccyx. Rectal and cervical fistulae. Hastings Received a T & T Shrap wd of both buttocks on [September] 21 [1917] Was in shell hole 2 days after injury. Lost considerable blood. Was unable he states to stop the bleeding himself. When seen two days after injury at the C.C.S. found at operation the fragment had fractured cervix, the gluteal vessels (R) divided and muscle at buttock lead gas infection. Muscle excised [sketch] gluteal vessels ligated marked critical and given saline. Reached No 12 Gen Hosp two or 3 days later. Temp 100. urine and feces passing thru wd and rectum. Had not voided since operation. Urine hazy good number of lemocytes.
Transcript
Retention catcher put into the bladder and came and 2 days later Both urine and feces ceased to discharge thru the wound. Temp normal after [October] 2 [1917] patient in good condition
Transcript
Diag. GSW & buttocks Verical Tistula Bacillary Dysntery Frac. ilum Gilleland, gSW & hip [October] 5- 1917. At operation at CCs note made that F.F passed thru wing of liver retroperitoneal to region of bladder. Removed. Entrance of bladder questioned. No [ms illegible: 1 wd] watched for 2 days at ccs. Then evacuated. Spent 24 hrs. on way Rouen [France] to us at base Hosp. Admitted at mid night. Had severe diarrhea which began 12 hours before reaching us. Stools small and bloody mucous in quality. Temp 97. pt cold. pinched anxious facial expression Eyes sunken. Thirsty wd dressed. Large cigarette drain found to extend down supposedly to bottom of tract wd fairly clean.
Transcript
culture of stool on following day showed dysentry bacilli in large numbers. Dressed daily. On about 2nd day after admission to Hosp No 12 and 4 or 5 days after injury all of the urine began to pass thru the wound. Retenaidu catheter put into bladder on [October] 14 [1917]. Tistulu closed end of 6 wks. [sketch of lower body] wound
Transcript
[October] 21
Transcript
Diag. GSW abdomen penetrating c feral fistula. Frac. ilum Rimon N. asd no 455 GSW wd on 20-9-17 left hip. Sent to 12 Gen [September] 21 [1917] Temp. 102. p 104. Tender and rigid left abdomen wd of artery [arrow] [sketch of lower body] not distended. No vomiting operated 22-9-17. Track excised hole thru wing of liver large enough to pass a finger. Operation wound made just over crest down to tract retroperitoneal in ilio [ms: illegible] muscle group. Fract probed many pieces of clothing removed by carette. TB not found nintoneum not that penetrated at the operation. Large rubber drain tube put over crest of ilin another thru perforation of lim both down the tracts
Transcript
Two carrel tubes also entered 23-10-17. Temp 102 pulse 100 no vomiting. Nothing by mouth Top water per rectum. Odor on dressing of feces. 28-9-17. Temp 100 Feces from wound none per rectum. Left diets, 22-10-17. Tubes out 1 wk no puss in wd normal for 1 wk. Given regular diet. sent to England.
Transcript
Diag. GSW Abdomen
Transcript
Diag. GSW both Buttocks. Rt thigh Fecal fistula Rodgers. Wounded 7-10-17. TB removed rt leg. rt buttocks wd left buttocks excised tract followed [sketch lower body] thru ischio rectal farsh. near anus TB not found. Carrel tube in tract. Admitted 10-10-17 marked diarhea neg for dysentery 18-10-17 Feces discharging thru wd L. buttocks 1 Drain tube remained. 19-10-17. wd examined under ether found to pass upward out to rectum. Unable to get finger in rectum up to level of perforation 24-10-17. Urine last night passed thru buttocks wd. Temp 100 Retention Catheter. 8-11-17. Urine thru wd. tender mass about urethra catheter taken out large TB found in dressing.
Transcript
Diag. thrombophlebitis Plenary R and L. Gas from scene rt thigh amputated Hatcher U and D 689. GSW. rt thigh 1-10-17. Operated ccs. on 2-10-1717. marked gangrene of adductor and hamstring muscles. leg was amputated and muscles of stump deeply infected c flourine. On 3-10-17. More necrotic tissue removed. Vessels ligates as cut. Admitted 12 Gen. 7-10-17 Temp 98. Very badly infected stump. Hot forks. 11-10-17 WBC 12700. Blood culture neg.. Temp 100-105 one to two severe chills per 24 hrs. Sweating profuse facial heart mur 21-10-17 WBC 8000 22-10-17 Heart that enlarges apex 4th in middle lines land sq mur [ms illegible: 1 wd] area. P2 mur [ms illegible: 1 wd].
Transcript
chills and [ms illegible: 1 wd] temp persists. Fri rub left ax PM dull left base and B.S. much diminished Roles and numerous. Very slight cough, pain complained of in apex region short time two days before death. 23-10-17. Soft cardiac border not made out, Heart out to R. chest [ms illegible: 1 wd] us yesterday Breathing urgent. patient delirious most of the time died on [October] 23 [1917]. Post mortum show abound cavity 2 cm about suture of femoral vessels. Heart neg. 700 in sum purulent fluid left [pleural]. 200 cc in Rt. surface of enter left and lower lung covered c yellow fibrino purulent layer.
Transcript
Lungs congested NO consolidation. Thrombus feeling the as iliac neru right. culture made at autopsy.
Transcript
Trench feet. Case I Wyley, WH. A and D No 7067. admitted [October] 24 [1917] His came out of shell hole [October] 19 [1917] was in shell hole for 5 days and nights water to knees. Feet ailed before going in. No change of socks in this period not on feet during the time No symptoms until when walking back to dressing station when feet began to burn. Burning became so severe had to be carried last part of the distance. When boats were removed feet were
Transcript
Case II Trench Feet. S. Smith. A&D No 6994 admitted [October] 24 -1917. His. Entered line On night of [October] 20 [1917]. left morning of [October] 22 [1917]. In shell hole in water to knees all this time left shell hole c 3 others to go for rations in the rear Marched alright. No symptoms from feet. Were not cold while in shell hole.
Transcript
Case III Trench Feet Hall C. and D 7069. Admitted [October] 24-1917. His. In shell hole water to knees 15 days and nights. Feet felt cold and numb. and occasionally pt got out and stamped on the ground to relieve them. Would have to hold to stand up. Walked to dressing station feet very painful. Stomped on the ground to relieve them. Would have to hold to standup. Walked to dressing station. Feet very painful. Stopped to rest there frequently. At dressing station boots removed. Feet swollen. Rt more than [September] felt hot taken rest of trip on stretcher feet wrapped and felt very comfortable except for shooting pain going up inner side rt foot. Exam. skin glossy and pink over dorsum of feet more on Rt. puffy and edematous over enter dorsum to plantar surface. Slightly swollen sales Toes not swollen or discolored. No pain on pressure anywhere.
Transcript
Case IV Trench Feet. J.H. Taylor admitted [October] 24 [1917] In shell hole 5 days and nights water to knees. Left shell hole 21-10-17. Feet felt cold but gave very little dis comfort only when tried to walk Walked to dressing station Feet then felt hot and numb. When boots were removed feet found swollen. Exam uniform cyawater tint. No fitting but normal, [ms illegible: 1 wd] and depressions obliterated on dorsum surface at foot. Feet are warm. Tender over medical plantar surface rt foot. Less elsewhere.
Transcript
Case V Trench Feet Crogham. C. Admitted 24-10-17. His. In shell hole 72 hours water to knees. Feet comfortable in shell hole. No attempt here to stand on them was made. Left shell hole 21-10-17. Then felt stiff, numb and burned. Walked 7 or 8 hrs. to dressing station where boots were cut off. Burning here became more intense feet
Transcript
Case VI. Trench Feet. M. Armstrong. A and D no 6999 admitted [October] 24 [1917] His. Onset 20-10-17. In shell hole 5 days water to knees. Feet were cold numb. Swollen. When boots removed began to burn Exam. Edematous to ankles. Burning sensation Tender only on instep where there is more pink color. Feet warm Case VII Sarwood 6993 slight Case VIII Dean 7000
Transcript
[November] 2
Transcript
news spread over the camp rapidly for every one whom I saw extended kind congratulations. At the dinner I was bodily placed in the CO
Transcript
declared wet mess so low as my store held out as I had not further use for the stuff. It was a real pleasure to see the stuff passed just on this occasion and by the way the whole mess Capts. and Majors stood and drank at toast to my new boy. You can
Transcript
But I did the entertaining and we had continuous fun. Was complimented later by several on What a real party I pulled off My cable gram was passed at the dinner table as it is usual to pass about official notices. [November] 3 [1917]. 11 PM. Well Have been accused all day of having a proud look have received many very kind congratulations have been called
Transcript
given by the nurses and I felt I was fussed over quite a bit. Its growing late and I am not sleepy. On the side I
Transcript
Diag GSW. Sp. Cord. Daniels. Shrap wd arm wd of Entry to rt of mid line level of 2nd dues spine aneaesthesia below 5th rib & loss of use legs. paradoxycal [3 sketches
Transcript
performed 5 and 6th docs. Spine [ms illegible: 1 wd] off. Frac of rt [ms illegible: 1 wd] 5th at this level frac. vil or lateral process projected into wd. [ms illegible: 1 wd] over 5th Ver depressed TB lying in Sp. canal severed probably
Transcript
GSW and Buttocks. Harper Shrap wd left buttocks 14-9-17. Glut vessels divided. Gas infection operated at US. Where gluteus Maximus was excised. vessels ligated. Wd packed c B IP. gauze and skin flaps pulled together C sutures. Temp at first 103. 25-9-17 admitted to No 12 Base Hosp Temp 99. Suture - cutting thru [sketch lower body]profuse discharge. wd packed open under anesthetic carrel tubes. packet under upper flap. Temp 104 L Incision near port spine of illin and pers packet drained Hot packs. [November] 7-17 Temp normal Wd clean. Area of wd very large. Flaps pulled V adhesive strips.
Transcript
Trench Feet. Gangrene. Chart. Large shrap wd T & Y hamstring [ms illegible: 1 wd]. L. 5-10-17 Layed in water 6 days. with shoes & puttes on. Fingers became to stiff to remove puttes. Admitted to 12 Gen. Hos. 11-10-17. Feet red & very edematous to knees. Dirty T & T shrap wd. Feet painful skin on feet analytic Toes tense grayish blue warm. Temp 100, pulse 110-20. Hands stiff.22-10-17. Hands improved Temp 100. 26-10-17 Rapid pulse. Heart slightly enlarged to v. Sounds at apex indistinct vessels soft temp clear Urine neg. 28-10-17 Temp 101. P120 Toes necrotic but less
Transcript
swollen. part of large toe and all of little toe L foot necrotic [sketch of feet] line of demarkation all toes rt foot necrotic T line of demarcation and Beginning [sefaretic] at this line. Too much absorption amputation Along line C opening up new tension bones taken off at points and cartilages mongered away. [November] 8
Transcript
GSW. Am. R. Comp Fr. below neck of Hum. Johnson Wounded 31-7-17. operated at CCS. at least 2 cm of bone removed. TB removed first below neck of humerus R. came down in Thoms c traction arm abducted here. Admitted here (No 12 lsu). 3-8-17. Has T & T drainage. Comfortable 2-9-17. Umar wd still discharging anteriorly 5-9-17. T & T. drain removed [arrow] X ray shows some union [sketch of broken arm bone] 8-11-17 Union feels firn Fibraus ankylosis at elbow. Xray shows thick bone callus Internal & antward displacement of upper fragment. put in ambilitory splint & Elbow massage begun. Splint made leg and are Thomas splints. [sketch of broken bone]
Transcript
[sketch of individual in a upper body cast and sling]
Transcript
[December] 15 [1917] went to Paris [France] on leave with Capt. Johnson. We had to have a military pass which we presented at the ticket office. Here it was stamped and we were issued tickets at the military rate which is
Transcript
Capt
Transcript
[December] 25 [1917] Xmas day. Breakfast between 9 and 10. Dinner at 430 PM. Egg-Nog from 12 to 1PM I was orderly officer. Short interesting entertainment at nurses mess began at 730 Veeder, Fischel, Abbott Gilbert and Radie Taylor put on a funny play. Nurses put on a funny pantomime after the entertainments officers and nurses danced until 11PM. [January] 1[1918] New Year
Transcript
Col. Russell (DDMS.) Col. Jamison, our former C.O. Dance at Nurses Mess until 11PM. [January] 6 [1918] Sunday. Amputated leg. Case of streptocouns infection of foot. [January] 7 [1918] Dinner at Hotel Couron with Thomas. Chesney and Fisher and after dinner attended concert given by transport branch of A.S.C. saw Robinson Crusoe. [January] 9 [1918] Dinner at Hotel Couronne with Spivy and Stewart [January] 10 [1918] Canadian officers from 3 Echelan to dinner with us. Dance at nurses mess for officers and guests after dinner. I danced ever dance and had different girl each dance.
Transcript
Supernumerary Thumb Davidson man 26 yrs old Supernumerary thumb on L. hand. No other member of family with supernumerary fingers or toes. Thumb functionless in way when working X ray shows supernumerary thumb to have to phallunx with cloudy joints, At amputation articulation of two thumbs found to communicate [sketch of hand bones]
Transcript
[January] 11 [1918] attended concert given by No2 Con Camp
Transcript
[January] 13 [1918] Sunday Case of bad gas infection envolving hamstring and adductor groups Rt Thigh operated at 3PM [ms illegible: 1 wd] Wide excision of dead muscle. [January] 14 [1918] Danced at Nurses mess from 9 to 1030PM. Officers present Spivy, Lehman. Omsted. Eberbach, Ernst, Stimpson. Abbott, Hester, Stewart, Proetz, Brockman. Fisher and myself. Danced every dance. Miss Barringer showed me how to waltz. [January] 16 [1918] Breakfast 855 dressings until 1245PM saw 27 new cases Dinner 1PM. Operating room 745 to 430 PM. Six operations.
Transcript
Comp Frac. Hum R. H Parmy 7438 age 22 Wounded [October] 27 [1917] Admitted [October] 30 [1917] [ms illegible: 1 wd] [England] [November] 15 [1917] Dressed by Dr JW Green Wd Excised and TB removed vt CCS. Carrell Tubes Thomas Splint and traction Temp 99-100 first wk No xray. No note of complications Frac. Mid and upper 1/3
Transcript
Fr. Hum L Involving Elbow F Simmons 7102 age 23 Dressed by myself. Wounded [October] 22 [1917] admitted [October] 25 [1917] to [England] [October] 30 [1917] Wd. Excised and TB removed at CCS. 1 carrel tube Right ankle splint Comp Fr. Ex Candgle temp 100, on admission Dropped immediately No xray.
Transcript
Comp Fr. Hun R+ au J.E. Guinet C-279 age 43. Dressed by myself wounded, [October] 25 [1917] admitted [November] 2 [1917] to England [November] 5 [1917] Wd on small opening in soft tissues. Evacuated on Rt angle splint No xray temp normal.
Transcript
Warrener. SC. Simple Frac. Hum. R. 4292 Age 27. Dressed by Myself. Arm broken [September] 12 [1917] admitted. [September] 17 [1917] to [England] [September] 25 [19178] Xray. fair position put up in cooptation and right orig splints Temp normal.
Transcript
Comp Fr. Hum. Rt. L forearm Akwood. 52. Age 27 Dressed by Myself & Abbott. Comp Frac and Rod Wounded July 21 [1917]. Admitted July 24 [1918] to [England] [September] 25 [1917] TB removed at CCS L forearm put an angular splint. Mark communution of upper
Transcript
Camp Fr. Hum R. Newth WS. 639 age 21 wounded [October] 5
Transcript
Comp. Fr. Rt. Humerous A. McAlpine. 7755 Age 21 Wounded [October] 27 [1918]. Admitted [November] 2 [1917] Discharged [November] 16 [1917]. Dressed by Myself and GW Greene Wd T and T function lower and middle thirds. Wds Excised loose bone removed at CCS. 2 Carrell tubes and 1 large rubber drain tube posterior Thomas splint with traction. Temp 100 on adm
Transcript
Comp Frac Hum R. Envolving Elbow J.Bradley.7489 Age 29 Wounded [October] 27 [1917] Admitted [October] 30 [1917]. To [England] [January] 10 [1918] Dressed by Myself and Capt Post Much tissue at Elbow shot away. Lower end of Hum (Figured ulnarn) shattered. Wd Excised at CCS and. Lower. 2 or 2 1/2 inches Him removed CCS. Rt ang. Splint [October] 30 [1917] Temp 992. Dirty wds To operating room. Necrotic tissue excised. forearm bones not injured. Arm suspended c forearm perpendicular. [November] 22 [1917] Temp 100. Pus pocket opened over [aleurone] posterior [January] 8 [1918] Arm Temp normal. Healing [sketch of injury]
Transcript
Comp Frac. Rt Hum WG. Blair 846 Age 31 Admitted [October] 18 [1917] To [England] [October] 24 [1917] Dressed by myself wd and surface mid 1/3 rt upper arm. Wd Excised and TB removed at CCS. Small counter incision was made pod. For drainage. 2 Carrell tubes Thomas Splint and traction Temp 100 and admins.
Transcript
Comp. Frac. R Hum. WH Johnson. 1539. Age 39 wounded. July 31 [1917]. Admitted [August] 3 [1917]. To [England] [December] 2 [1917] Dressed by myself. Thru and Thru au and post with frac comm. Just below neck c loss of bone. Wds of both excised carrel tubes. Thomas splint and, traction abductive 2-9-17. Incision wd discharging Drain tube ant. removed. [September] 5 [1917]. Thru and Thru drain tube removed. Xray shows some bone. bone defint 2cm 8-11-17 Union feels firm xray shows thick bridge new bone. put in amlitory splint. No discharge Massage Elbow. 1-12-17 Arm to side Massage and Manipulation of Elbow Staten Edema of arm. Flexion at Elbow thru au of about 20 [degrees]
Transcript
Simple Frac. Hum. Left ACR. Cameron. 4808. Age 21 Fractured [September] 23 [1917] Admitted [September] 25 [1917]. To [England] [September] 24 [1917]. Frac. 2
Transcript
Comp Fr. Rt Hum. Beasley F. V. 4576 Age 22 Wounded [September] 20 [1917] Admitted [September] 21 [1917]. To [England] [December] 29 [1917]. Dressed by myself and JW Green wd out and past just above Elbow wds excised at Us. Carrell tubes. Joint not involved. Extension and Thomas. abduction xray. Good position Comm small TB. 6-12-17. Union firm Arm to side. Elbow stiff, Sinus small.
Transcript
Comp Frac. Hum. L. involving shoulder joint Buckingham 7460 age 24 wounded. [October] 26 [1917]. Admitted [October] 30 [1917]. To [England] [November] 26 [1917]. Dressed by myself. Temp 102 on admis wd over L Scap. and upper arm. Gas infection. Wd of scapules that to have penetrated chest. plural rub. Ws of arm excised frac and infection extending into joint. Head of him. resecited by Maj Murphy. Carrell Tubes [November] 2 [1917]. General condition bad toxic. Arm amputated at shoulder. November 27 [1917]. Temp normal stump fairly clean 3 carrell tubes.
Transcript
Comp Fr. Hum. Rt. Involving Elbow Barton G. C. 284 age 45 wounded [October] 17 [1917]. Admitted [November] 2 [1917]. Dressed by myself T and T bullet wd Frac inner candgle Hum. Was excised at US and loose, bone removed pus evacuated thru incision lateral surface of elbow made al serious operative at CCs. Temp on ad 100. Arm suspended c forearm perpendicular. [November] 12 [1917]. Temp. Extension communication of lower end of humerous. Insertion of tricks turned back loose condole of hum, removed [ulveravac?] and head of rod removed Thomas c traction carrells [November] Hand edematous [November] 18 [1917] abscess valor surface wrist opened 15-12-17, Infection of Ant Mus group. Two [Sougitied?] incisions March 1 [1918]. wds healed. Up. Flexion to 80 [degrees] passively. Xray no sequestra
Transcript
Comp. Frac. Hum. Rt. McIntyre 2620. Age 29. Wounded. [October] 29 [1917]. Admitted [October] 31 [1917] Dressed by myself wd post surface rt arm. Upper 1/3 Hum. Excised at CCS neck of hum. comminated. Co A. Temp 100. Tense. [October] 31 [1917] Wd Enlarged 3 CT. abducted. [November] 6 [1917] Large TB removed. Capsule of joint not involved port. drainage inserted 1-1-18. Plate no 7092 Xray shows good position of bones. (Communition) firm union [January] 15 [1918] manipulation and massage of shoulder and elbow begin. Fraction off sinus post. dead bone palpable c problem
Transcript
Comp Frac Rt Hum. Clov Scap. involving thl. joint Davis Max 12867. Age 20 Wounded [January] 6 [1918] Admitted [January] 11 [1918] Dressed by myself. CCS note as follows.
Transcript
Comp Comp fr Hum L involving elbow Knox JE. 9081 age 20 Wounded [November] 20 [1917]. Admitted [November] 21 [1917] Dressed by myself. Comm. Fr. Ulna and Lower 1/3 hum. [Aleusnop?] of ulna removed. Suspended in Thomas c forearm perpendicular. Carrells. [January] 15 [1918] Elbow Cleaning up put in at angle splint Xray. shows. [sketch of injury] following deformity of human. Comp corman frac of ulna. small sinus To England [January] 20 [1918].
Transcript
Comp. Fr. L. Hum. Burgess A. 10716 Age 24 Wounded [December] 5 [1917] admitted [December] 7 [1917] Dressed by myself. Wd and post. TB not found. Frac mid 1/3 Carrell tubes Thomas and traction. xray. [December] 12 [1917] Slight over riding with lateral displacement. Large [ms illegible: 1 wd]. in left tissue place 7071 [January] 22 [1918]. Union firm Carrell tube removed. Began manipulation [February] 6 [1918] Xray. small sequester & TB removed. incision posterior urinars firm March 3, [1918] wd almost healed, to [England]. slight flexion 45 [degree] at elbow.
Transcript
Comp Fr. L Hum. Peters E. D. 315264 Peters E.D. age 3rd Wounded [November] 24 [1917] admitted [November] 29 [1917]. Dressed by myself. Entry wd out mid 1/3. Excised at CCS. No opening post. Carrel tubes. Thomas splt & Traction [December] 3 [1917] Counter incision posteriols for drainage 1-1-18 Traction reapplied no union. Frac good position. Tiches removed. 18-1-18 Was closed Edema mid and upper 1/3 slights tenderness Beginning snow 23-1-18 Began. Morup Elbow [March] 2 [1918] Xray shows [sketch of injury] sequester, sinus has been closed 6 wks, operation, out wd opened several sequester found walled off in bed of pus. Cavity cleaned out Union.
Transcript
Comp. Frac L Hum Micheal Dre. 12954. 28 High ex plasine Wounded [January] 13 [1918] Admitted [January] 13 [1918]. Dressed by me. Temp 99 to 100. Large entry wd. insertion deltoid excised at us. Dead Mns excised pieces of bone removed, Thomas splint fraction abduction Xray show marked communited from mid 1/3 c good position No nunu injury. March 3 [1918] Union [sketch of injury] auliro posterior view
Transcript
Comp. Frac. Hum R Chapman 24010 age 3 Wounded [November] 21 [1917] admitted [November] 24 [1917]. Dressed by myself. Thru and Thru bullet wd penetrate upper and mid 1/3 ant-post direction Humr. comminuted. Wds of E and E excised and Enlarged at CCS c CC tubes to bone in each wound Thomas. CoA Temp 99. Arm abducted Xray. [ms illegible: 1wd] 24 Sat position frag food plate 6641 8 [January] 8 [1918] Union firm small sinus. Began exercising elbow joint, [January] 18 [1918] Motion fingers & wrist good. supenation and pronation good. flexcon at Elbow about 35 March 1 [1918] up flexion at elbow 90 [degree] shoulder function very good puts hand to head chest and backs. To England
Transcript
Comp Frac. Hum Rt. Humphrey, Wounded [October] 9 [1917] Admitted [October] 11 [1917] Extensive loss of triceps coracobrachialis hum mid 1/3 wd over at scapula. Both dirty. unable to wear thomas Rhy because of shoulder wd. No traction for 4 or 5 wks. [October] 18 [1917] Nausea & vomiting. Dendenal tube fading. [sketch of broken bone] [arrows] Sequestra? Plate No 7228. Auterior post views taken [January] 23 [1918]. Has union which feels firm. persisting sinus
Transcript
Comp Frac Hum L. Dorsetter Wounded [December] 1 [1917] [December] 2 [1917]. T & T out post wds c Carrell tubes. Comp Comp. mid 1/3 [December] 11[1917] Temp 98 has been normal [December] 17 [1917] Severe Hueus. Temp 102 6 Comp flat 4 days later. No Rod pulse [January] 14 [1918]. Sinus opened post leading to cavity. Carelled No union. Fingers dry gangrene. Hand painful. Bullet wd. operated here Thomas traction abduction. [sketch of injury] [January] 23 [1918] placte No 7228 sequester in low cavity Thru and Thru C tube draining. Sequester removed union not solid March [3] 1918]. Union
Transcript
Comp Fr. Hum. R Corduroy. 24015 Wounded [November] 22 [1917]. Admitted [November] 26 [1917] T and T bullet wd ant and post just above Elbow. Wds of E and E excised at CCS. Carrell tube. Thomas Sp. traction abduction Xray [November] 27 [1917]. Comm. Frac. Many fragments. Joint Not involved 23-1-18. Union 1. Edema arm and forearm. Sinus ant down to exposed bone. 26-1-18 Loose bone removed counter incision base. 2 c tubes. [sketch of broken bone] [January] 22 [1918] plate No 7200. Union Sequestron Bone thinning March 3 [1918] Union wds still open and having considerable discharge. Evidently from sequestra
Transcript
Comp Fr. Humerous Rt. Smith 7316 wounded [October] 25
Transcript
Camp Frac L. Hum. Styles. 7559. Wounded [October] 26 [1917] Admitted here [October] 30 [1917] to [England]. [December] 5 [1917] Dressed by Capt Rainey. Comp Frac. mid 1/3 [November] 6 [1917] Arm doing well Discharge note not dated union good. Alignment good.
Transcript
Comp Fr. Humpries L. Davis. 6251. T & T bullet wd fracturing upper third L Humerous [October] 12 [1917] Admitted here [October] 14 [1917]. not operated. Arm in Thomas C traction. Temp 101. some swelling. not much induration Temp to 104 P 120. Arm boggy. Not much reaction rt toxic. Amp. upper 1/3 thru site of frac. Culture showed strep infection continued 99 to 103. Blood cultures [November] 16 [1917] and [December] 26 [1917]. Neg. Had two [hemorrhages] from stump. Always very depressed [January] 28 [1918] Temp 103 of PM Large abscess ant of stump to ant ax fold layed open. Another sinus post stump communicating with an absess which burried under past ax fold layed open. C tubes.
Transcript
Xray shows slight irregularity in bone outline on surface. [February] 5 [1918] Temp normal since last operation up to 2 days ago when it mounted to 100 in PM abscess under ant ax fold opened. sinus over scapula opened up C.T. March 3 [1918]. Temp normal stump clean To [England].
Transcript
Comp, Frac Hum L. m/3. Bevan 265075. Shell wd. [November] 30 [1917] admitted here [December] 1 [1917] Operated base. Wd excised thru and thru trip and bicip regions. and Carrel tubes Thomas splint traction in abduction. Temp fell is 98 [December] 7 [1917]. [December] 9 [1917] note is that he has large open suppurating wd [January] 21 [1918]. Xray shows [ms illegible: 1 wd] of bone. old wds reopended and sequestra removed. Carrel tubes. [February] 10 [1918] referred to me. union feels firm Sinus uner side almost closed. Arm swollen & red here. Opened c protis & pus escaped. C.T. put in, No vessel or nerve injury March 4 [1918]. Edema. Many small sequestra.
Transcript
Comp. Frac. L w/3. Schofield 17374 Wounded by shrap 13-2-18 admitted here 21-2-18. Arm in Thomas slight traction. Wd just above insertion deltoid excised. TB out partly closed 1 C tube. Temp always normal B I.P at CCS. Xray on admission shows lavical displacement of lower [sketch of fracture] fragments. No overlapping arms in abduction
Transcript
Comp. Frac. L Humerous w/3 Garrick 201485 shell wound wounded [December] 2 [1917]. Admitted here [December] 7 [1917]. Wd c frac L clav. and comminution 4
Transcript
Comp Frac. Hum. L. l/3 Mulin. 29863. Wounded [January] 24 [1918]. Admitted here [January] 28 [1918] T & T bullet wd just above the elbow going ant. past wds of E and E. excised CCS C T & T drainage. Marked comminution. No vessel or nerve injury. xray shows T frac. extending into joint [sketch of injury] wide separation of candyles. [February] 24 [1918] no edema wds clean. Very little drainage. No union. Movement at site of Frac. March 3 [1918] To [England] Union?
Transcript
Suppuration terminal joint index finger following injury Cannon. 14 3886. Admitted to Hosp 21-2-18. With large slightly, red tender boggy [sketches of injury] swelling about, terminal phalanx, index finger Dorsal incision 1
Transcript
Suppuration Terminal joint 3rd finger following Injury. Dixon 72776. Injured by barb wire dorsum joint 4 wks ago. Finger became swollen red and tender. Remained in line with [famucts?] for almost 2 wks. When entered Hosp and bad dorsal incision admitted here 3rd wk. With browny slightly red and tender swelling Xray shows bone about joint absorbed. At operation bvu 4th wk found joint destroyed and self [ms illegible: 1 wd] joint shaft of bones ok. Xray same as preceeding case as sketched [sketch of injury].
Transcript
Amp. Thigh Gangrene following injury to pop. artery. Mortimer 14011. Bomb wd L leg [December] 23 [1917]. injury to pop. vessels. verns ligated above and below. Artery intubated c glass tube. Given 1000 ccs citrated blood intravenously on [December] 26 [1917]. tube carrying blood to part below. 28-12-17 Foot warm except toes reaction good to toes. Artery tied off above and below. clab found in tube. Temp 99 and 100 dayly. to 103 and pulse 120 [January] 16 [1918]. at which time leg amputated above candyles. Admitted here [January] 28 [1918] Temp 98. Stump discharging.
Transcript
Amp & Lt Arm. following Injury to brochial vessel Reck. 785 Wounded [October] 4 [1917]. Admitted here. [October] 14 [1917] Here 23 days. Vessels found severed Arm amputated at CCS mid 1/3 humerus. Dirty painful stump on admission - Thompson 7581 Brochial at injury ligated and large wd thigh [October] 28 [1917] admitted here [October] 31 [1917]. Arm warm radial pulses Extensive infection thigh hip joint amputation very septic. Saline Died few hrs later. Radial pulse palpable Hand hot edematous
Transcript
Injury of Brochial artery Rt Thurstons 2267 wd. [August] 10 [1917] Admitted [October] 11 [1917]. Here 4 days. Wd middle 1/3 upper Rt Arm Brochial artery injury and ligation at CCS. No evidence of N. injury. COH.
Transcript
Injury to Fen Art and Vern Lewis 64. Wd 6-8-17. admitted here 25-8-17. Discharged 28-8-17 Fem vessels ligated 3 inches below groin. Au admission wds almost healed. Dry gangrene line of demarcation fairly definite at ankle. Toes shrivelled - Injury to Back. Artery Longhurst 7375 wounded 26-10-17 Admitted 28-10-17. to [England] 6-11-17 T & T bullet wd rt upper arm note made at CCS that Broch artery was ligated. On admission wd clean hand warm. Rod pulse felt but much weaker than in other arm.
Transcript
Injury to Broch. Artery Kenny 6169. Wounded [October] 9 [1917] Admitted here [October] 11 [1917]. To [England] [October] 18 [1917]. Frac hum. and severed broch, W Early Amp at CCS. Temp 100 on asmission - Injury Broch. Vessel Maloney. 224. Wd June 22 [1917]. Admitted here [June] 22 [1917]. to [England] July 16 [1917] arty wd upper 1/3 L forearm excised. CCs note that median nerve saturated and broch artery ligated. Thigh wd trivial 12-7-17
Transcript
Injury to Broch. Vessels comp. Frac Hum. Lea 7400. Wounded [October] 28 [1917] To [England] [November] 28 [1917] Comp Fr. upper 1/3 at humerus. Much discharge frac E and E wds. Indicated. Broch. vessels ligated. Hand and forearm cold and anaesthetic. Temp 1034. [October] 28 [1917]. Arm amputated. Stump soon cleaned up. Temp immediately fell to normal. - elbow resected injury to broch artery Glassby. 1000 g. Wounded [November] 28 [1917]. Admitted here [December] 1 [1917] GSW of Elbow. Frac aluranun and both candyles of the humerus. Elbow resected at CCS. Wd post large affording ample drainage was marked [England]. Had
Transcript
[December] 19 [1917] Severe hemorrhage. Broch. artery in cubital fossa found open. Was ligated Arm from straight Thomas to flexed Thomas c forearm perpendicular. [January] 2 [1918]. Pus pockets ant to Ex candyle and another behind internal condule opened. Tubes and hot packs. Circulation hand good. March 3 [1918]. Xray & operation 3 wks ago small sequestra, lower end of humerus removed. Still draining. 2 Carrel tube thru and thru. Elbow joint. - OUG. to Broch Artery Boyle. 10364. T & T bullet wd [November] 28 [1917] above & elbow shattered hum. and divided Broch day. Amp. lower 1/3 end stump remained clean.
Transcript
Injury to Fen Vessels. Comp. Frac L/3 femur. Ovulum. 6178 Wounded [October] 9 [1917] Admitted [October] 12 [1917]. To [England] [December] 3 [1917]. Scalp wd excised sutured CCS. Fu a and Vein Ligated. On admission fast cold mottled toes purple. Line of demarcation 2
Transcript
Injury to Fem artery. Sausam. 2519. T & T bullet wd inner side lower third L leg. [December] 3 [1917]. Marched swelling leg and knee not tender No pulse in foot. Lost much blood when wounded. Has sys. [bruise?] over lower Hunter
Transcript
Injury to Fem Artery Cann. 71417. Shell wd multiple. both legs. fare both shoulders and Rt chest penetrating wounded 22-10-17. wds excised except torn and ligated in upper hunters canal. Three days later leg wds gassy. Pt tons delirious amputation lower 1/3 thigh admitted here 30-10-17. Toxic. Wds healing fairly well except for chest. Which was found full of pus [Thoroeulung?] & carrell tubes. 2 wks later senin hemorrhage from stump Tim vessel ligated higher To England March 7 [1918] scant drainage of chest.
Transcript
Ligation of auxillary artery West. G. 19474 Wounded [February] 20
Transcript
Injury Fem artery Rt Scales 31043. Diag. Comp Frac. Lower end femur. Oblique going almost to the trochanter wounded [October] 2
Transcript
Injury fem art & vein Smith HB. 21404 Au. rifle bullet junction lower and mid/3 rt thigh on [February] 25 [1918]. Surgery to Fem A & V. Where anatosmosis magna [ms illegible: 1 wd] from the femoral. Operated flavine same day and a & v ligated considerable hemorrhage normal temp. Admitted here March 17 [1918] was practically healed circulation in leg good unable to feel pulsation in post tibial or dorsalis pedis. No skin changes or mus wasting - Gasney, B 265354 Acc. & hill wd below pop. spaces L. injury to Ant wd post tibial artery at befurcation. Wounded [February] 12 [1918] amp thru tuberile of tibia same day. Closed Floain
Transcript
Bartholomew. Temporal Vessel Injury. Wd L. thigh m/3 no bone ace injury. fen vessels and CCS. Foot ai colored & cold onset immediately edematons. Line of demarcation at ankle and post leg. After 4 to 6 wks. When became infected and septic. Amp foot. Stump septic. Amp thru knee 48 hrs later. - Morechchant. [October] Injury of Fem A and V m/3 legated CCS. Immediately leg swollen septic. Amp. at knee 1st wk. Libbel 19433. wd [October] 4 [1917]. Comp frac femur R. m/3 fem art cut across. Difficulty in putting traction on skin Union 9 wks.
Transcript
Syphilis Hereditory (Jenas N.A.M.C. [November] 1920) Gray powder. gr 1/5 for infants to gr 2 for older children 3 x day avoid diarrhaea. Weekly injections of 1% bichloide sol..o3 cc per kilo body wt. Three weekly intras injections of arsphenamini.01 gm per kilo wt. every 2 months. All of above to be done for at least 1 yr regardless of neg wasserman. May continue for 2 yrs if case resistent. May give 2 or 3 wks yearly rest per year. If nutrition is impaired by treatment treatment must give way for nutrition. When neuro syphilis present as indicated by Sp fluid give Swift Ellis. When more intensive treatment desired stop gray powder and [ms illegible: 2 wds] injections 3 x wk and
Transcript
asphenamin every 48 hrs In child 9 yr old gone mercuralized serum intra spinally 1/50 gr bichloride mercury per dose. He believes most cases can be cured if treated persistently & over long enough period. Non commital as to value of intra spinal injections except to say clinical evidence seems to indicate its use to be beneficial
Transcript
[back cover]
Details
| Title | Levi H. Fuson Diary - 1917-1919 |
| Creator | Fuson, Levi H. |
| Source | Fuson, Levi H. Diary. 1917-1919. Levi H. Fuson Papers. PC/PC065. Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. |
| Description | Dr. Levi H. Fuson was a Captain in U.S. Army Medical Corps. He served with Base Hospital 21, in Rouen, France. The hospital, which was founded and staffed by Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, was one of six that was selected for mobilization by the U.S. Government to support the British troops. During his service, Fuson kept a diary in which he detailed his experiences while serving with the hospital. In addition to writing about his personal observations and experiences, Fuson also shared the personal stories and injuries of the soldiers he treated. |
| Subject LCSH | World War, 1914-1918--Medical care; World War, 1914-1918--Chemical warfare; World War, 1914-1918--Equipment and supplies; World War, 1914-1918--Naval operations--Submarines; World War, 1914-1918--Trench warfare; United States.Army.Base Hospital No. 21; Pr |
| Subject Local | WWI; World War I; Zepplins; Air raids; Casualty clearing station; Gunshot wound; Flying squad |
| Site Accession Number | PC/PC065 |
| Contributing Institution | Washington University Libraries, Department of Special Collections |
| Copy Request | Transmission or reproduction of items on these pages beyond those allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the Washington University Libraries, Department of Special Collections: spec@wumail.wustl.edu or (314) 935-5495. |
| Rights | Researchers should contact the Washington University Libraries, Department of Special Collections for permission to use collections, images, or online content at: spec@wumail.wustl.edu or (314) 935-5495. If permission for use is given, it is given on behalf of the Washington University Libraries, Department of Special Collections as owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder which must be obtained by the user. The Washington University Libraries cannot be assumed to hold the literary rights to the items in the Department of Special Collections. When necessary, it is the responsibility of the user to secure proper permission from the copyright holder to quote such materials. |
| Date Original | 1917-1919 |
| Language | English |